WATER TREATMENT CHEMICALS
BIO-DFA
BIO Duo-Functional Agent (BIO-DFA) / Activated Silicate is a mineral based absorbent made from bentonite, chitosan and calcium carbonate. Thus, it can be used as a coagulant and/or flocculant in the physio-chemical water treatment industry. By applying sufficient amounts of BIO-DFA and with Bioautomix technology, the adsorbent is able to neutralize the charges of pollutants. It is able to disrupt the stability of pollutants (such as COD, BOD, SS, Oil & Grease, Color etc) inside the wastewater. BIO-DFA is able to provide an improvement on cost by reducing the usage of conventional chemicals such as PAC, Polymer, Alum etc. It can minimize the amount of generated sludge by up to 40%.
SODA ASH
Soda ash is the commercial name of technical grade sodium carbonate (Na2C03 ) which is a white crystalline hygroscopic powder. It plays a critical role as an industrial chemical as it is widely used for pH control in wastewater treatment. In addition to that it does not contribute to hardness problems in the treated water and is sensitive to temperature. It works best at ambient temperatures. Generally, a typical mix ratio is 25 grams of Soda Ash per 1 litre of water.
ACTIVATED CARBON
Activated carbon (Granular and Powdered) are made from materials with high carbon content like bituminous coal, wood, coconut shells and palm kernel shells. These are pyrolyzed at high temperatures, in the absence of air, to create sinuous caves onto the surface of the material for adsorption. The carbonized material is then activated by exposing them to oxidizing agents, like carbon dioxide, oxygen or steam, at high temperatures. Common activated carbon powder has a surface area of 800 to 1500 m2/gm. Differences in pore sizes affects the adsorption capacity for molecules of different spatial shapes and sizes. These porous structures provide a large surface where adsorption of unwanted organic compounds can be carried out. It is very effective in removing certain organics (such as unwanted taste, odours and micropollutants), chlorine and fluorine from drinking water or wastewater.
HYDRATED LIME
Hydrated Lime (calcium hydroxide) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Ca(OH)2. It is a colorless crystal or white powder and is produced when quicklime (calcium oxide) is mixed or slaked with water. One significant application of hydrated lime is as a flocculant in water and sewage treatment. It forms a fluffy charged solid that aids in the removal of smaller particles from water, resulting in a clearer product. This application is enabled by the low cost and low toxicity of hydrated lime. In addition, it is suitable for use as sludge stabilizer, as well as sludge conditioner for industrial and domestic waste activated sludge.
BENTONITE
Bentonite is an absorbent swelling clay consisting mostly of montmorillonite. It usually forms from weathering of volcanic ash in seawater, which converts the volcanic glass present in the ash to clay minerals. It has the property of adsorbing relatively large amounts of protein molecules from aqueous solutions. It is widely used in water and wastewater treatment technologies to absorb various types of contaminants, such as dyes, to remove heavy metals, phenols, fluorine, as a treatment of industrial acids. Besides that, it is also considered an effective low-cost adsorbent for the removal of chromium (VI) ions from aqueous solutions (contaminated wastewater).
